Euro initiatives, such as the Libra stablecoin, and CBDCs, on banks. We find that both Libra and a Euro CBDC might heavily … to develop new business models stemming from these initiatives. Therefore, Libra and a CBDC Euro should not only be seen …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … methods. We draw a distinction between movements within Germany, circulation outside Germany but within the euro area and … demand from non-euroarea countries. Our approach suggests that only about 20% of euro notes issued by Germany are used for …

According to estimates using the seasonal method, the volume of euro coins held for transaction purposes in Germany in … Bundesbank) euro coins in circulation. 76% of the total volume of coins held for transaction purposes was accounted for by €1 and … abroad German euro coins are, on balance, only held outside the euro area. There they are being hoarded on a permanent basis …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … methods. We draw a distinction between movements within Germany, circulation outside Germany but within the euro area and … demand from non-euroarea countries. Our approach suggests that only about 20% of euro notes issued by Germany are used for …

In dem vorliegenden Papier versuchen wir den Bestand der Euro-Banknoten zu ermitteln, der sich von der deutschen … Banknotenemission im Ausland befindet. Dabei unterscheiden wir nach Beständen, die außerhalb des Euro-Währungsraumes gehalten werden … außerhalb des Euro-Raums, der Rest – 80 Mrd. € – lief in anderen EWU-Ländern um. Somit entsprach der Inlandsumlauf deutscher …