We estimate the causal effects of a pandemic-era wage subsidy program in Canada on job losses and business closures … changes in the wage subsidy rate. The estimated net wage elasticity of employment was 0.11, implying a small aggregate … employment effect of the program and an estimated fiscal cost per job saved of nearly $200,000 per year. Subsidy payments caused …

We use a labor search model with heterogenous households and firms to study the efficacy of a wage subsidy during a … that sector choose whether to lay off workers or keep them on payroll. A wage subsidy encourages firms to keep workers on … payroll, which speeds up labor market recovery after the pandemic ends. However, a wage subsidy can be costlier than enhancing …

The aim of the paper is to assess changes in mobility in public transport in Poland, as a consequence of the … come from Google COVID19 Community Mobility Reports, the Ministry of Health of Poland, and the Oxford COVID-19 Government … COVID-19 cases in Poland. The strength and statistical significance of the correlation varies substantially across …