periodic long term solutions and denote them rich and poor economies. Whereas rich economies can afford to invest in flood … defence and therefore avoid flood damage and develop high living standards, poor economies prefer consumption instead of … investing in flood defence capital and end up facing flood damages every time the water level rises. Nevertheless, they manage …

growth. Flood damages affect Coastal firms hitting their labour productivity, capital stock and inventories. We find that the …-reinforcing and path-dependent agglomeration processes. We then introduce five scenarios considering flood hazards characterized by … regions. If strong flood hazards hit frequently the Coastal region before agglomeration forces trigger high levels of …

The National Flood Insurance Program …