This paper uses a unique data set to analyze the migration dynamics of refugees, returnees, and internally displaced people during the Northern Mali conflict. Individuals were interviewed monthly using mobile phones. The results cast light on the characteristics of these three groups before and...

We study the long-term effects of human displacement using individual-level panel data on forced migrants and comparable non-migrants. After World War II, Finland ceded a tenth of its territory to the Soviet Union and resettled the entire population living in these areas in the remaining parts...