The demand for crude oil transport services is a derived demand, which is dependent on international trade of crude oil and crude oil carriers transport crude oil from producer regions to consumer regions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between fluctuations in oil...

The shipping industry was transformed by the expansion of international trade and technological innovation, notably containerization, since the 1960s. Accordingly, this was followed by a significant increase in research addressing different aspects of container shipping. Despite such...

Compensation for vessel-source oil pollution is a key issue in protecting the interests of both victims and the marine environment, as well as in the prevention of oil pollution. International standards on compensation for vessel-source oil pollution have been established by various relevant...