real terms. Ninety five per cent of the income of medical schemes was derived from membership fees. The average real growth … rate of income was 8.4 per cent, while net assets increased by only 3 per cent. An average deficit of R11.02 million …

income, relative income (i.e. how individual income compares to those of peers), individual health, and relative health … countries. In contrast, individual and relative income matter in some countries, such as the US, and not in others, for example … targeting income. …

In this paper we look at the relationship between health and income as mediated by "lifestyle" choices; that is, a set … that there are substantial differences between the permanent and transitory income determinants - also in terms of the … direction of the effects. Moreover, we find that income effects often differ significantly in size and sometimes sign according …

persistent effect on subsequent employment and income. After initial periods with a higher incidence of sick leave, treated … treated workers, who manage to stay in employment, incur persistent income losses. The effects are stronger for sub-groups of …