To test and replicate the superstar effect reported by Brown (2011) we empirically study contests where a single … superstar effect in several different contexts. Ultimately, we collect and explore data from four sources: men's and women … replication of Brown's (2011) study. Empirically, we find little robust evidence of the superstar effect in any of our datasets …

, the bulk of the research addresses competition with others and excludes other economically relevant competition that may … contribute to the gender pay gap. In this paper, we ask: How does gender affect how individuals react to competition against … women select into intrapersonal competition at significantly higher rates than interpersonal competition, the first such …