This paper summarizes the results and draft conclusions of a joint research project.' The focus is on the French concept of Provisions pour risques et charges and on the UK concept of contingencies. The work included both comparative conceptual analysis and an empirical investigation of some one...

After a brief historical introduction, the paper examines the true and fair view (TFV) requirement in the Fourth Directive, and in the corresponding company legislation in UK, France and Germany. Differences and nuances are explored from a language and translation viewpoint and also related to...

European Accounting Review Volume 2, Number 1, carried a special section on the true and fair view concept (TFV). This contained a number of invited comments on a paper by the present author. This new paper picks up the discussion from that point and comments on the comment papers, especially on...