bias is important, but only for those study results obtained through differencein- differences or instrumental variables …

bias is important, but only for those study results obtained through difference-in-differences or instrumental variables …

the economics literature. The underlying assumption of this model is that agents have a “present bias” toward current … discounting for the length of delay). We report a meta-analytic dataset of estimates of the present bias parameter 𝛽 based on … publication bias in the direction of overestimating the strength of present-bias (making 𝛽 estimates smaller), but present bias …