With the ongoing rollout of smart meters in Ireland, time-of-use (ToU) tariffs are currently being introduced as a new way to pay for electricity. Such tariffs can bring important benefits to both consumers and society, in terms of reduced electricity bills and CO2 emissions, respectively. At...

The disconnect between price variability of wholesale electricity sales and the uniformity of the retail prices observed by most consumers results in well documented inefficiencies. Time-of-use (“TOU”) electricity tariffs offer a middle-ground between dynamic wholesale prices and flat retail...