central grid and its physical characteristics are explicitly modelled. Demand elasticity is introduced to the bid curves and … possible without capacity expansion. Nodal pricing solutions compared to the actual zonal pricing mechanism give insights into …

wholesale spot prices. Pure spot pricing is not popular; consumers (and politicians) value price predictability and bill … stability. We focus on second-best alternatives: time-of-use (TOU) and critical peak pricing (CPP). We introduce alternative …

In this paper we study the potential effects of Real Time Pricing (RTP) of electricity to the need of long … and midmerit capacities, on total demand, on the prices, on the peak demand hours and also on the welfare. We have also … RTP diminishes the need for total capacity even with inelastic demand. Also the price of the peak demand hour clearly …