We measure funding constraints in international currency markets by deviations in the covered interest rate parity. Our measure of funding risk is the standard deviation of the magnitude of the funding constraints. This funding risk measure appears to be driven by conditions in the financial...

In this paper, we measure currency carry trade funding risk using stock market volatility and crash risk in Japan, the main funding currency country. We show that the measures of funding risk in Japan can explain 42% of the monthly currency carry trade returns during our sample period,...