To facilitate a more detailed study of the volume of euro banknotes in circulation issued by the Deutsche Bundesbank …, around 65% to 70% of the arithmetical volume of euro banknotes issued by the Bundesbank were in circulation outside Germany … at the end of 2015; of this figure, 40 to 50 percentage points were in circulation outside the euro area, and 20 to 30 …

At the beginning of next year, euro notes and coins will be finally introduced into the euro area. Although this is … likely to be a major upheaval for the euro-area economy, it does not have any obvious implications for the exchange rate …

In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for … workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) 1 have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes … factors behind the demand for euro banknotes, for both store-of-value and transaction purposes. In particular, euro cash flows …

the initial problems were overcome within one year of the introduction of euro cash … applies a parametric difference-in-differences approach to assess the real effects of the introduction of the euro on …