We present a model of optimal allocation to liquid and illiquid assets, where illiquidity risk results from the restriction that an asset cannot be traded for intervals of uncertain duration. Illiquidity risk leads to increased and state-dependent risk aversion, and reduces the allocation to...

We present a model of optimal allocation to liquid and illiquid assets, where illiquidity risk results from the restriction that an asset cannot be traded for intervals of uncertain duration. Illiquidity risk leads to increased and state-dependent risk aversion, and reduces the allocation to...

This paper investigates whether markets for individual stocks lose liquidity when uninformed investors are given options to avoid trading against informed investors. I find a positive association between the percentage of firm shares being held by exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and illiquidity in...

Bitcoin is emerging as a popular financial asset and means of transacting. However, little is known about its liquidity. We consider whether various dimensions evident in other asset class liquidity apply to bitcoin liquidity. We find there is both substantial variation in the level of liquidity...

This paper provides a model which helps explain the variability of stock liquidity premium. I model liquidity as a time-varying price impact and include both permanent as well as temporary price impact. Liquidity premium is defined as an additional return that stock should yield to compensate an...

A liquidity measure based on consideration and price range is proposed. Initially defined for daily data, Liquidity Index (LIX) can also be estimated via intraday data by using a time scaling mechanism. The link between LIX and the liquidity measure based on weighted average bid-ask spread is...

When liquidity providers for one asset obtain information from other asset prices, this may magnify the (upward or downward) comovement of asset liquidity. It also may yield an illiquidity multiplier. We empirically test the magnitude of this illiquidity multiplier for a sample of U.S. equity...

Can ETFs trigger fire sales in illiquid assets? We develop and empirically examine a model where an authorized participant (AP) holds bond inventory and connects the ETF to the underlying bond market. For redemptions, the AP acts as a buffer between the two markets, holding redeemed bonds to...

This paper conducts a first look into the regulated Bitcoin options market in the United States. Compared to stock options, bitcoin options tend to be ten times more illiquid as measured by bid-ask spreads. The illiquidity significantly affects bitcoin options pricing: Given that investors are...

We develop two investment strategy measures by investor type and explore their predictive capability on idiosyncratic volatility, liquidity risk and liquidity commonality. The measures indicate whether each of our nine investor types persistently implements a “positive-feedback” or a...