women's lower taste for competition or differences in confidence. We examine three types of confidence and find that … competition. …

Is competition perceived as a fair procedure? We report data from laboratory experiments where a powerful buyer can …

There is ample evidence that women do not react to competition as men do and are less willing to enter a competition … understand the underlying motives of women (and men) to enter a competition or avoid it. We use the Big Five personality factors … related to incentives. We can show that the sex di fference in the willingness to enter a competition is mediated by …

Recent research has shown that women shy away from competition more often than men. We evaluate experimentally three … Competition unless a critical number of female winners is reached. We find that Quotas and Preferential Treatment encourage women … winners is not worse. The level of cooperation in a post-competition teamwork task is even higher with successful policy …

significant, indicating that gender-related variables explain why twice as many men as women self-select into competition. …

There is ample evidence that women do not react to competition as men do and are less willing to enter a competition … competition or avoid it. We use the Big Five personality factors, where especially neuroticism has been related to performance in … this is related to incentives. We can show that the sex difference in the willingness to enter a competition is mediated by …

help to explain both female underperformance in environments with repeated competition and the tendency for women to select …

of winning and losing in a competition on the willingness to seek further challenges. Participants in a lab experiment … compete in two-person tournaments and are then informed of their score and the outcome of the competition. Conditional on the …

positive ones. Our results suggest that raising employers’ expectations would have a strong impact on hiring. … employers’ expectations to workers’ revealed trustworthiness, we are able to detect potential misperceptions leading to sub …-optimal hiring. We further devise two randomized treatments to test for the existence of expectation bias against specific worker …