We investigate where cities are located in a spatial economy and why they tend to get 'locked-in' at particular sites. Building on Fujita and Krugman (1995) we show that geography and/or transportation technology must exhibit some 'non-smoothness' for cities to possibly become 'locked-in' in...

This paper analyzes the effect of globalization (lower trade costs) on production and trade patterns if firms are vertically linked, stages of production differ in labor-factors intensity and countries differ in labor-factors prices. In order to reflect the Continental Europe experience,...

With the growing recognition of the role played by geography in all sorts of economic problems, there is strong interest in measuring the size and scope of local spillovers (i.e., simple anonymous agglomeration or congestion effects, or more complicated interactions between individuals or firms...

A central feature of many models of location choice - whether of firms or households, within or across cities - is the role of local interactions or spillovers, whereby the payoffs from choosing a location depend in part on the number or attributes of other individuals or firms that choose the...