' independent reaction to the virus slows down the economy. This paper finds that imposing lockdowns leads to lower overall costs to … of voluntary social distancing for various US states that implemented lockdowns. For the US average, we estimate that … lockdowns reduce the costs of the pandemic by 0.8% of annual GDP per capita, compared to purely voluntary responses …

Vaccinations, lockdowns and testing strategies are three potential elements of an effective anti-coronavirus, and in … measures. The cost of lockdowns/shutdowns are rather high so that – beyond progress in terms of a broad vaccination program – a …. At the same time, one should consider that the cost of further lockdowns/shutdowns of a duration of 1 month could be very …