deleterious effects. We study the effects on incarceration when prisoners are primarily used as a source of labor using evidence … estimates on the value of colonial prison labor and the effects of labor demand shocks on incarceration. We find that prison …. Positive economic shocks increased incarceration rates over the colonial period. This result is reversed in the postcolonial …

initially negative effect on employment that turns positive after about one year while the impact on wages is permanently …We study the entry to formal employment and earnings of a large sample of convicts released from Hungarian prisons in … incarceration, on the one hand, and estimating fixed effects models, on the other. For convicts with a single prison spell,we find …

initially negative effect on employment that turns positive after about one year while the impact on wages is permanently …We study the entry to formal employment and earnings of a large sample of convicts released from Hungarian prisons in … incarceration, on the one hand, and estimating fixed effects models, on the other. For convicts with a single prison spell, we find …

This paper evaluates the impact of immigration on African American wages, unemployment, employment and incarceration … increased immigration including Latinos to higher African American wages and lower poverty. Rising immigration including from … Latin America is not responsible for higher Black incarceration rates …