along GVCs is particularly exposed to trade costs. The paper reviews the implications of trade costs on competitiveness at …

international competitiveness. However, there are some paradigmatic examples that violate this rule. This is the case of two Spanish …

This study sought to examine the main constraints to manufacturing export competitiveness in Tanzania. Using panel data … manufacturing export competitiveness. Specifically, the results revealed that foreign direct investment and tariffs have a negative … and significant effect on export competitiveness in Tanzania, while infrastructure, total investment, labour productivity …

9: Upgrading options for small cocoa producers in Guatemala -- Chapter 10 The Competitiveness of corn production from a …

The current study examines the causal effect of global competitiveness and its pillars on the various indicators of the … logistic performance and competitiveness. The results indicate that in the complex network of the 12 pillars of GCI and the … activist duties in order to improve competitiveness, especially those that enhance efficacy and productivity. To a large extent …