Land use and land cover change has a slow but prolonged impact on various aspects of environment on local, regional and global scales. In developing countries especially population pressure and food demand have compelled conversion of wetlands to built-up and agricultural lands. One such unique...

In this study, I empirically estimate the impact of children on women's labor market outcomes (such as work status, work hours and earnings). The identification in a female labor supply model where the fertility is endogenous comes from the assumption that a miscarriage – spontaneous loss...

Growing international trade has not only positively affected the People's Republic of China's (China's) economic development, but also expanded the exportation of energy embodied in goods during their production. This energy flow out will pose risks to China's rational utilization of natural...

A constrained cellular automata (CA) model based on 'grey cells' for the simulation of different types of urban forms and developments is developed within a raster GIS. Remote sensing and GIS are used to supply information on environmental constraints and locations of growth centers for the...

This paper presents a new cellular automata (CA) model which uses artificial neural networks tlsbfor both calibration and simulation. A critical issue for urban CA simulation is how to determine parameter values and define model structures. The simulation of real cities involves the use of many...

The shortest-residual family of conjugate gradient methods was first proposed by Hestenes and was studied by Pytlak, and Dai and Yuan. Recently, a no-line-search scheme in conjugate gradient methods was given by Sun and Zhang, and Chen and Sun. In this paper, we show the global convergence of...

Most cellular automata (CA) urban models assume densities to be uniform for all cells. This is not true in real cities because densities vary substantially from city to city and from urban center to periphery areas. Development density, which affects urban form, is an important factor in urban...

Due to uncertainties regarding quality in terms of both product and seller, information asymmetry is a significant problem for consumers in the online marketplace. Online sellers are keen to improve their sales by highlighting quality signals such as price, reputation, and e-WOM. In traditional...