that China can learn from Russia that it has a substantial potential for increasing employment among healthy people under …The incidence of working for earnings beyond the normal pension age of 55 for females and 60 for males in urban China …, and having a higher education level but is negatively associated with age, the scale of pension and, in urban China, being …

The incidence of working for earnings beyond the normal pension age of 55 for females and 60 for males in urban China … healthy, and having a higher education level. It is negatively associated with age, the scale of pension, and, in urban China …, being female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China …

economic growth, yet, they are often blamed for reducing urban 'native' workers' employment opportunities, suppressing their … endogeneity problem our results show that rural migrants in urban China have modest positive or zero effects on the average … employment and insignificant impact on earnings of urban workers. When examine the impact on unskilled labours we once again find …