Owing to strides in technology like mobile applications and online platforms, thousands of Nigerian workers now earn a decent income through 'gig" work, which affords them the flexibility to set their own hours and choose which jobs to take or not to take. This growth, which has become dominant...

A vignette typically describes a hypothetical situation or object which respondents are asked to judge. The object is described as having different dimensions, the values of which are experimentally varied, so that their impact on respondents' judgments can be estimated. We examine 1) whether...

Several well-established surveys ask questions in order to measure subjective well-being. In some questionnaires, questions relate to happiness, in others, to individual well-being or satisfaction or to both happiness and satisfaction. In the literature of happiness, several papers have compared...

PurposeViewing undeclared work as low-paid exploitative organised employment conducted under sweatshop conditions, public policy has widely treated this illegitimate sphere as a hindrance to development and actively pursued its deterrence using stringent regulations and punitive measures to...

Despite the emergent recognition that many in the informal economy work on a self-employed basis, few have evaluated the extent and character of such endeavour. To start to fill this gap, a 2007 Eurobarometer survey composed of 26,659 face-to-face interviews in 27 European countries is reported....

In recent decades, it has been widely assumed that undeclared work is rife amongst the self-employed. Until now, however, few have evaluated the extent and nature of the participation of the self-employed in undeclared work and whether they do so out of choice or necessity. The aim of this paper...

Although entrepreneurs are commonly represented as risk-takers, there has been little evaluation of the extent to which they might weigh up the costs of being caught and the level of punishments, and engage in off-the-books work practices. Reporting a survey conducted in Ukraine during late 2005...