The history of electric utility regulation at both the state and national level from the beginning of the industry through the aftermath of the California energy crisis of 2000--01 is presented. That history was partly determined by the economics of the industry -- on the supply side by its cost...

This work is part of a long-term research project on global electrification. Here we focus on the initial phase of electrification, from the 1880s to 1914, when multinational enterprise and international finance played a crucial role. Electrical equipment manufacturers were first movers in the...

Access to electricity is widely recognized as an essential element of economic development. This paper uses a comprehensive dataset on electrification aid projects to quantify and model the determinants of multilateral and bilateral electrification aid in the last three decades of the 20th...