Economic analyses of nature must somehow define the “environmental commodities” to which values are attached. This paper articulates a set of principles to guide the choice and interpretation of nonmarket commodities. We describe how complex natural systems can be decomposed consistent with...

Economic analyses of nature must somehow define the “environmental commodities†to which values are attached. We articulate principles to guide the choice and interpretation of nonmarket commodities. We describe how complex natural systems can be decomposed consistent with...

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including resource utilisation, productivity and quality of life, are important outcomes in the field of migraine. Clinical trials have begun to incorporate PROs; however, not all research questions can be answered fully within the framework of a clinical trial...

Translational research studies often involve a central study (e.g. clinical trial, cohort of patients, etc.) and multiple investigators who are each interested in addressing different research questions using the same patient population. However, it is often impossible for the investigators to...

Over the last decade, there has been a proliferation in the number of economic evaluations of pharmaceuticals to meet the growing demand for information about the economic benefits of healthcare technologies. The majority of these studies have been commissioned by pharmaceutical companies for...

Objective: This paper examined the economic cost of male erectile dysfunction (ED) for a hypothetical managed-care (MC) model. Design and Setting: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach was used to estimate the direct medical cost for ED treatment. A treatment plan algorithm was developed...

Background: A number of approaches to conducting economic evaluations could be adopted. However, some decision makers have a preference for wholly stochastic cost-effectiveness analyses, particularly if the sampled data are derived from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Formal requirements...

The ideal study design for demonstrating the possible health outcomes and costs associated with a new drug would be a naturalistic prospective study. However, it is not often feasible to derive the required information from scientifically sound prospective studies. In these cases, decision...