The European Union (EU) is implementing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) at its borders, which will require exporters of basic materials to surrender emission permits when exporting to the EU market. Since it makes foreign producers compete under a carbon price, the EU CBAM may...

Economic sanctions are a frequent instrument of foreign policy. In a diplomatic conflict, they aim to elicit a change in the policies of foreign governments by damaging their economy. However, sanctions are not costless for the sending economy, where domestic firms involved in business with the...

Handels- und Finanzsanktionen sind ein häufig verwendetes Instrument der Außenpolitik. Sie sollen der Wirtschaft des Ziellandes durch Barrieren im Waren-, Kapital- und Personenverkehr schaden, um damit politischen Druck auszuüben. In ihrer modernen Form ("Smart Sanctions") versprechen sie...

In August 2014, the Russian Federation implemented an embargo on select food and agricultural imports from Western countries in response to the economic sanctions. The measure was designed to harm producers in United States, European Union, Norway, Ukraine, along other Western countries. In this...

Venezuela has seen an unprecedented exodus of people in recent months. In response to a dramatic economic downturn in which inflation is soaring, oil production tanking, and a humanitarian catastrophe unfolding, many Venezuelans are seeking refuge in neighboring countries. However, the lack of...

Do economic sanctions affect internal support of sanctioned countries' governments? To answer this question, we focus on the sanctions imposed on Russia in 2014 and identify their effect on voting behavior in both presidential and parliamentary elections. On the economic side, the sanctions...

In Zeiten einer plötzlichen Krise, wie man sie ausgelöst durch das Coronavirus seit März 2020 in Europa erlebt, können offizielle Statistiken die aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen nicht wiedergeben, weil diese erst mit mehreren Wochen Verzögerung veröffentlicht werden. Eine Reihe...

In Deutschland wird der Ausstieg aus dem Corona‐Lockdown, der am 20. April begann, weitergeführt und ausgedehnt. Während des harten Lockdown könnte die Wirtschaftsleistung um etwa 15-20 Prozent unter dem normalen Niveau gelegen haben, mit einer Tendenz der Verschlimmerung über die Zeit. In...

Do economic sanctions affect internal support of sanctioned countries' governments? To answer this question, we focus on the sanctions imposed on Russia in 2014 and identify their effect on voting behavior in both presidential and parliamentary elections. On the economic side, the sanctions...

In January 2015, The Swiss Franc (CHF) appreciated unexpectedly against the Euro by approximately 15%. We document a new fact: French firms that exported to both the Swiss market and the Eurozone also exhibited a sudden change in their export prices to the Eurozone. We coin this the 'exchange...