Economic sanctions are intensively used by international institutions to enforce political objectives. Since 2006 the … EU has been implementing general sanctions against the whole economy of Iran, affecting their trade relations. Since 2007 …, and following the imposition of sanctions by the UN Security Council, the EU has also implemented smart sanctions …

We investigate the effect of economic sanctions on trade flows in countries sharing a border with sanctioned states …. According to trade models, sanctions are expected to reduce trade flows as they disrupt established trading routes and economic … costs as sanctions disrupt trade. Yet, case studies uncover heterogeneity in countries' responses, with some cases …

destination. Next, we study heterogeneity in the effects of sanctions across (i) sanction types and sanction packages, (ii) the …Sanctions encompass a wide set of policy instruments restricting cross-border economic activities. In this paper, we … study how different types of sanctions affect the export behaviour of firms to the targeted countries. We combine Danish …

conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The impact of the conflict on Russia may have been amplified by sanctions imposed by … Western countries. However, as Russia is heavily dependent on exports of natural resources, the oil price decline starting in … rates, oil prices, actual and unanticipated sanctions, we provide evidence on the driving forces of the Ruble exchange rate …

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 resulted in bilateral economic sanctions imposed by … Russia and Western countries, including the members of the euro area (EA). The paper investigates the impact of sanctions on … the real side of the economy of Russia and the EA. Using an index that measures intensity of sanctions the effects of …

the most severe economic and financial impact will be in Ukraine and Russia. Much of Ukraine is already devastated by the … the back of high energy prices. If the EU were to ban imports of energy from Russia, or if Russia itself limits or stops …, Russia and the rest of Europe has been changed radically by the events of the last few weeks. For Ukraine, if one part of the …

the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 led Western countries and Russia to impose economic … sanctions on each other, including the euro zone members. The paper investigates the impact of the sanctions on the real side of …

its value against the US dollar. The impact of the conflict on Russia may have been amplified by sanctions imposed by … investment. In the aftermath of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine that broke out early 2014, the Russian ruble lost 50% of … Western countries. However, as Russia is heavily dependent on natural resource exports, another factor behind the …

Union as a countermeasure to sanctions introduced by the EU and several other countries after Russia's actions in Ukraine … and the annexation of Crimea. This paper assesses the effect of Russia's counter-sanctions on the economies of the Baltic … problems in international trade data due to re-exports. The amount of trade affected by Russia's counter-sanctions varies …

Russia’s international comportment and geostrategic moves, particularly the invasion of Ukraine and the annexation of … Crimea in 2014, caused a substantial change in its international economic and political relations. In response to Russia …´s invasion, the United States of America, the European Union, and their allies imposed a series of sanctions. In this study, by …