During the sovereign debt crisis, many Euro countries have deployed "austerity packages" implementing structural reforms and cutting government spending. Such policies should have led to an initial decline in GDP followed by recovery and a reduction of the debt to gdp ratio. Key to this outcome...

This paper examines how market competition affects banks’ Environmental, Social, and Governance Controversies performance. The logit model reveals a significant positive relationship between the market competition and the ESG controversies score of European banks. Banks operating in more...

We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the past, present, and future development of environmental related topics in Economics and Finance. In this regard, Environmental Finance (EF)- and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)-related literature is collected and analysed. The paper...