In recent years, extreme weather around the world due to climate change has occurred increasingly frequently, and countries globally have gradually realized the harm caused by global warming. All countries are also making efforts to promote less consumption of fossil fuel energy and the use...

The study examines the contribution of low-carbon and fossil electricity sources to environmental degradation in the European Union countries, modelled by economic development and globalisation. We ensure the robustness of the results by exploring the concurrent and individual effects of the...

Hydrogen is regarded as one of the limited options for decarbonizing the hard-to-abate industrial sector. This work investigates the status and potential of green and blue hydrogen in some major industrial sectors, including oil refining, chemical production, iron and steel production, and...