Labor markets in low- and middle income countries are characterized by high levels of informality. A multitude of interventions have therefore been implemented in many countries with the objective to increase the formalization of firms and workers, including information campaigns, simplification...

Labor markets in low- and middle income countries are characterized by high levels of informality. A multitude of interventions have therefore been implemented in many countries with the objective to increase the formalization of firms and workers, including information campaigns, simplification...

We examine the impact of formal child care usage on parenting intensity. We measure parenting intensity as the amount of time that parents spend on child rearing and, in particular, on educational activities with children. Using time-use data and a household survey, we estimate the effects at...

[Einleitung ...] Um die zu erwartenden fiskalischen Effekte des Ausbaus der Ganztagsbetreuung für Kinder im Grundschulalter zu berechnen, wird in einem ersten Schritt die Wirkung dieses Ausbaus auf das Arbeitsangebot von Müttern abgeschätzt. Da die Veränderung des Erwerbsverhaltens von...

Die Corona-Pandemie hat das Leben vieler Familien auf den Kopf gestellt. Kitas und Schulen sind geschlossen, viele Kinder sind nun tagsüber zu Hause - genau wie viele Eltern, die etwa vom Home-Office aus arbeiten. Was bedeutet diese Konstellation für Eltern und deren Zeiteinteilung mit Blick...

This paper studies costly political resistance in a non-democracy. When Nazi Germany surrendered in May 1945, 40% of the designated Soviet occupation zone was initially captured by the western Allied Expeditionary Force. This occupation was short-lived: Soviet forces took over after less than...

Obwohl der Anteil von Kindern unter drei Jahren in der Kindertagesbetreuung in den letzten Jahren stark gestiegen ist, bestehen immer noch große Unterschiede in der Inanspruchnahme von Kita-Plätzen: Haben Mütter eine geringere Bildung oder beide Eltern einen Migrationshintergrund, dann...

We document gaps in day care enrolment by family background in a country with a universal day care system (Germany). Research demonstrates that children of parents with lower educational attainment and children of migrant parents may benefit the most from day care, making it important to...

We estimate effects of center-based care on parenting activities using time use data for Germany. Our estimates imply that center-based care reduces the overall time that parents spend with the enrolled child, but has only small negative effects on time spent doing activities together....