Das Angebot an Plätzen in Kindertageseinrichtungen (Kitas) wurde in den vergangenen zehn Jahren massiv ausgebaut. Seit 2013 gilt der Rechtsanspruch auf einen Betreuungsplatz für Kinder ab dem zweiten Lebensjahr. Damit war teilweise auch die Hoffnung verbunden, dass der sozioökonomische...

We study the local evolution of female labour supply and cultural norms in West Germany in reaction to the sudden presence of East Germans who migrated to the West after reunication. These migrants grew up with high rates of maternal employment, whereas West German families mostly followed the...

Anlässlich des Internationalen Frauentages am 8. März erhalten zahlreiche Ungleichheiten zwischen Frauen und Männern erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit. Insbesondere der Gender Pay Gap, also die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnlücke, die nach Berechnungen des Statistischen Bundesamtes im Jahr 2023 zum...

Motherhood and parental leave interrupt employment relationships, likely imposing costs on firms. We document that mothers who are difficult to replace internally take shorter leave and that their firms hire replacements more often. Introducing more generous parental leave benefits erases the...

We estimate effects of center-based care on parenting activities using time use data for Germany. Our estimates imply that center-based care reduces the overall time that parents spend with the enrolled child, but has only small negative effects on time spent doing activities together....

We examine the relationship between parenting activities and center-based care using time diary and survey data for mothers in Germany. While mothers using center-based care spend significantly less time in the presence of their child, we find that differences in the time spent on specific...

We estimate effects of center-based care on parenting activities using time use data for Germany. Our estimates imply that center-based care reduces the overall time that parents spend with the enrolled child, but has only small negative effects on time spent doing activities together....

We examine the impact of formal child care usage on parenting intensity. We measure parenting intensity as the amount of time that parents spend on child rearing and, in particular, on educational activities with children. Using time-use data and a household survey, we estimate the effects at...