The paper analyses labour market participation and selection into specific employment sectors in urban areas of Ghana … is found to increase the probability of employment but the reverse is the case in Ghana as education increases the … are characteristic of a preference for formal sector employment by the highly educated as all levels of education are …

workers in urban China, considering both migrants from rural areas (rural migrants) and those from other urban areas (urban … migrants). We find that both rural and urban migrants are discriminated out of jobs with formal labour contracts. Results also … suggest that urban migrants are compensated for working in the informal sector by earning higher wages. There is evidence …

From 1940 to 1970, nearly four million black migrants left the American rural South to settle in the industrial cities … migration produced winners and losers within the black community. Boustan shows that migrants themselves gained tremendously …