-existent, under-developed or emerging regulatory oversight, notably Africa. This paper assesses the quality of 1470 antibiotic and … tuberculosis drug samples that claim to be made in India and were sold in Africa, India, and five mid-income non-African countries … distribution of these substandard products is not random: they are more likely to be found as unregistered products in Africa than …

-existent, under-developed or emerging regulatory oversight, notably Africa. This paper assesses the quality of 1470 antibiotic and … tuberculosis drug samples that claim to be made in India and were sold in Africa, India, and five mid-income non-African countries … distribution of these substandard products is not random: they are more likely to be found as unregistered products in Africa than …

taxation through direct digital service taxes (DSTs) in Africa. The findings were mixed. While the possibility of tax revenue …