As growing attention is paid to climate change adaptation as an actual policy issue, the significant meaning of climate variability in adaptation decisions is beginning to be recognized. By using a real option framework, we shed light on how climate change and climate variability affect...

Research has shown that seeking to benefit the own group can under certain conditions achieve the opposite result when the beneficiary inter-group cooperation opportunity is undermined with a prisoners' dilemma type tribal interest conflict. In this paper, I reconsider this problem using...