Assessing productivity gains from multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research and policy debate. Positive productivity gains are often attributed to productivity spillovers; however, an alternative, much less emphasized channel is selection and market reallocation...

Raising the productivity content of exports is an important issue for developing and emerging countries. What role do foreign firms play in this process? This question has not been adequately studied. We contribute to the literature by generalizing the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in...

Climate change, global warming, and carbon emission are global issues. Countries are strengthening their environmental regulations to mitigate the emission problem. According to the pollution haven hypothesis, rich countries invest in emerging economies where the institutional framework is weak...