This paper revisits the debates about the meaning of economic efficiency, and the moral dilemmas associated with using … Kaldor-Hicks efficiency or Pareto efficiency for policy analysis. I lay out the best case for efficiency as meta-value, and … argue that Pareto efficiency is a poor normative criterion, while, nonetheless, offering a valuable tool for positive …

environmental policies that affect prices and energy demand are mainly effective in directing innovation by small specialized firms …

Energy security increasingly becomes an issue in the face of rising worldwide energy demand and dwindling resources …. Threats to energy security are seen in political instabilities of resource exporting countries, decreasing reserves …, geostrategic and geopolitical factors and the structure of the relevant energy markets in terms of market power, monopolies …

energy, hierarchy, and inequality and creates a hindcast of the origin of inequality. The results are broadly consistent with …

International cooperation in support of a global energy transition is on the rise. Initiatives and venues for …. Official development assistance (ODA) in the energy sector is increasingly being directed to renewable energy sources. Despite … (SDG) 7 on clean and affordable energy is insufficient. A recent report by SE4ALL estimates annual investments in support …

modernization efforts - can also be facilitated by the mobilization of the still huge domestic energy efficiency potential. European …The Russian economy boomed in the period of rising energy prices. That period coincided roughly with the era of … states from Central and Eastern Europe. Surging energy export revenues gave a boost to both private consumption and, later on …

. Domestic gas savings resulting from higher energy efficiency, but also reduced flaring and leakages, should further improve …Russia and four other CIS countries - Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - are important energy … prospects of future cooperation appear equally problematic. The prospects of the Russian energy sector are to be seen against …

attractive than renewable energy due to CCS's reliance on scarce reservoirs and the resultant shadow value. This serves as a … given to renewable energy in comparison to CCS. …