This paper selects Chinese industrial sectors as research objects, based on the R&D capital as divided into the R&D capital in the same sector in the same countries, the R&D capital in the same sector in other countries which we selects in OECD STAN database, the R&D capital in the other sectors...

We investigate banks' benefits and costs of having access to LOLR. Integrating novel data sets we estimate the borrowing capacities of euro area banks at the ECB. Controlling for ratings, we find that banks with more fragile funding are likely to borrow more from the ECB during the great...

In this paper we provide tools for assessing the house prices and housing valuation. We develop two approaches: (i) borrowing capacity approach, and (ii) intrinsic value approach. The borrowing capacity of households, together with their down payment, implies how much housing they can attain. In...