The failure of public policies is ubiquitous. This paper ascribes this failure to the complex system nature of public policies. A key characteristic of complex systems is that they cannot be closely controlled or predicted. Yet the traditional approach to public policy is fundamentally based on...

This text's purpose is to analyze the progress and setbacks in public policies during PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores) governments (2003-2015), especially macroeconomic, industrial, social and income-related policies, as well as their relation to the neo-developmentalist agenda. My overall...