Using 21 waves of German high-frequency establishment panel data collected during the COVID-19 crisis, we investigate the effects of short-time work (STW) and working from home (WFH) on hiring, firings, resignations and excess labour turnover (or churning). Thus, we enquire whether STW avoids...

This study explores how the COVID-19 pandemic deteriorated the mismatch in the Japanese labor market. We first focus on differences in job flows and reservation wages by occupation and employment type, which differ according to the risk of infection. We next estimate the mismatch indices for...

Using a large sample of approximately 210,000 supplier-firm relationships, we develop new measures to operationalize the industrial and geographical concentrations of firms' upstream industries. The developed measures show an upstream industry might be competitive and contain many suppliers (low...

Employing propensity-score matching and difference-in-differences, this paper provides causal evidence of COVID-19 lockdowns’ near-term impacts on employment in Afghanistan. I find evidence that the urban-area-wide lockdowns introduced a 6.3 percent drop in employment-to-population ratio in...

The study sheds light on the effects of COVID-19 on rural livelihood and economic stability. The pandemic crisis has immensely impacted the employment rate and agriculture in India. The rural population of India is majorly connected with agriculture as agriculture is the basic way of income for...

COVID-19 caused worldwide disruption to virtually every aspect of human life, including elections. This study assesses the impact of COVID death rates, convenience voting policies, and partisanship on voter behavior in the 2020 U.S. general election. Using a new data set comprising county and...

Marketing strategy can be defined as a process of using the marketing mix to satisfy and attract customers to make a profit for the organization. Every business organizations develop unique marketing strategies to compete in the market. Their industry is frequently a factor. To compete more...