This study aims to identify middle-class consumers’ habits in four countries during the pandemic of 2020, with special attention to analogous consumers’ reactions to extraordinary circumstances during the recession of 2008. Furthermore, this study tried to detect the impact of the pandemic...

Polish agri-food exports to Russia during the global economic crisis are analysed. The recession in Europe in 2009 and the debt crisis in the Eurozone were the key factors that had a negative influence on the international trade. The GDP decline in the European Union amounted to 4.2% and in...

The aim of this article was to define the essence, scope and goal of clusters in the agri-food sector, in the context of its internationalization. The characteristic of the internationalization of Polish food economy as well clusters activities were presented. The results indicated the...