In response to concerns voiced over the trade and competitiveness impact of a range of measures governments might employ in pursuit of the ‘green economy’, this analysis finds the majority domestically focused, with no significant impact on imports or exports, some with potentially positive...

Drawing on country case studies of renewable energy support conducted for the ENTWINED research network, and on the extensive industrial policy literature, this brief aims to highlight some of the key lessons for policy makers considering adopting green industrial policies. It also aims to...

This address to UNCTAD's 49th Trade and Development Board explores what Rio 20 failed to do: move us toward international consensus on what is appropriate state behavior in the pursuit of a green economy. We have a panoply of unilateral measures employed to capture both environmental and...

Canada-Renewable Energy presented the WTO Panel and Appellate Body (AB) with a novel issue: at the heart of the dispute was a measure adopted by the province of Ontario whereby producers of renewable energy would be paid a premium relative to conventional power producers. Some WTO Members...

As part of the European Green Deal (EGD), the European Commission is currently elaborating a legislative proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to prevent greenhouse gas emissions leakage and level the playing field between European and foreign emitters. This report brings...

An important element of the comprehensive suite of climate and environmental policies advanced under the “European Green Deal” (EGD) is the “Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism” (CBAM). CBAM is a policy safeguard against emissions leakage, that is, the relocation of emitting activities...