Die Nachfrage zum Praktischen Jahr (PJ) und zur Ärztlichen Weiterbildung in der Chirurgie lässt nach. Gegensteuerung ist erforderlich, attraktive Aus- und Weiterbildungsbedingungen sind zu schaffen. Das essential stellt dazu ausgewählte Strategien vor. Vorschläge zur Positionierung des...

We use novel transaction-level card expenditure data to estimate the effect of the temporary value-added tax (VAT) cut in Germany 2020. We find that the annualized growth rate of expenditures for durables increased by 6 percentage points (pp) during the tax cut, with a particularly strong...

The 1949 study The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath, Volume II, by Stouffer et al. presents detailed accounts of the attitudes of American fighter pilots toward the stress experienced by them and of the policies and practices of the American Air Force command in addressing this stress...