One objective of retail electricity markets is to enable end-use consumers to incorporate their reliability preferences … of achieving optimal levels of reliability remains elusive, however, due to incomplete probabilistic reliability models …

) systems with least cost and predetermined reliability to satisfy load. Algebraic equations for optimal PV array area (Aopt … rational in terms of power reliability and cost, and simple to implement for the size optimization of standalone PV systems as …

expected to supply electrical energy as economically as possible, and with a high degree of quality and reliability. The … developed countries in general place higher reliability standards on the performance of electricity supply. However, there has … been no significant study in the context of the Indian power sector to analyze reliability in terms of loss of load …

significant potential for adverse effects on grid resource adequacy and reliability. In our analysis, subsidized investment in …