affects labor markets in sending countries, particularly the wages of workers who do not emigrate. Most studies find that … emigration increases wages in the sending country but only for non-emigrants with substitutable skills similar to those of … country loses many highly educated workers, the economy can become less productive altogether, leading to lower wages for …

temporary help service firm that records both workers' wages and their productivity as measured by the fees charged to client … demonstrate that the fees charged to clients grow faster over workers' tenure than the wages paid to workers. Finally, we find …-by-doing increases productivity more than wages. …

This paper examines the effects of alcohol consumption on employment and wages for males and females in Russia. Both … impact on employment and wages. Further, there is some evidence in favor of an inverse U-shaped relationship between alcohol …