If fiscal policy exerts pressure on public services, then attention often falls on the public-private sector wage differential. Estimated with longitudinal employer-employee data for the years 2002-16 in the United Kingdom, among men there was no significant public sector wage premium. However,...

This paper examines how labour market outcomes are affected by college graduates' employment liberalization in China, which refers to the abolition of the job assignment system. Exploiting the cohort-specific exposure to the reform, the estimation from census and household survey data suggest...

As agents of the state, civil servants play a central role in public governance and socioeconomic development. In developing countries, an effective civil service pay system may provide strong incentives for better public service and rein in corruption, whereas poor remuneration can fuel...

This model explains the self-selection of workers between workplaces which differ in the return to workers' skill and the level of job security. Incomplete information in the market enables the reallocation-process in which each worker chooses her best job. The model also clarifies the...

We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30-40% to primary school teachers in remote locations, on student performance. A geographic discontinuity in the policy's implementation provides identifying variation. We find no effects of the hardship...

The private sector in Bangladesh is a comparatively much larger component of the economy since the adaptation of privatization policies in the 1980s. After the latest pay scale (National Pay Scale 2015) in Bangladesh, public sector jobs have demanded the significant attention of prospective job...

This Article sets forth the theory of an enduring, evolving separation of powers, one that checks and balances state power in whatever form that power happens to take. It shows how this constitutional commitment was first renewed and refashioned in the 1930s and 1940s, wherein the construction...

We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30-40% to primary school teachers in remote locations, on the distribution and characteristics of teachers across schools. A geographic discontinuity in the policy's implementation and the presence of...

Public employee pension systems around the world show remarkable diversity in design and execution. Among these, the U.S. defined benefit public pension system has drawn increased attention because of questions about the long-term sustainability of many of the underlying pension funds – as...

We evaluate the impact of the Gambian hardship allowance, which provides a salary premium of 30-40% to primary school teachers in remote locations, on the distribution and characteristics of teachers across schools. A geographic discontinuity in the policy's implementation and the presence of...