The gearbox is a critical component in the mechanical system, requiring vigilant monitoring to prevent adverse consequences on safety and quality due to malfunction. Therefore, early fault diagnosis of the gearbox before the fatal breakdown of the entire mechanical system is of imperative...

The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a nature-inspired optimization algorithm that mimics the pollination behaviour of flowering plants. Despite the promising performance of FPA in solving single objective optimization problems, its convergence still poses challenges in practice. This study...

Although the practicability of using wavelet neural networks (WNNs) in nonlinear function approximation has been addressed extensively, selecting the optimal number of hidden nodes and their appropriate initial locations remains a great challenge for WNNs' initialization. The cuckoo search...

Path planning plays a crucial role in the navigation of mobile robots. Among the various path planning techniques, Q-learning (QL) has gained popularity as a reinforcement learning approach that exhibits the ability to learn without significant prior knowledge of the environment. However,...