In May 2004, the European Union (EU) has experienced the greatest enlargement in its history with the accession of ten new countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Yet Turkey is an associate member of the European Economic Community since 1963 with the Ankara Agreement and a privileged trade...

The global economic and financial instability context of the 1990s and 2000s also affected the Turkish economy. Actually, the 1980s in Turkey are characterized by a radical transformation of its economy through significant efforts of liberalization. With an out-looking economy and a liberalized...

Different severe financial crises episodes occurred in the Turkish economy in the last two decades. These crises led to severe economic and social consequences for Turkey in terms of increasing interest rates, large reserves losses, considerable currency depreciations, high output losses and...