), the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), Turkey, the Russian Federation, Ukraine, and Romania. By using qualitative …This paper aims to analyse the cooperation and security dynamics that characterise the Black Sea Region (BSR) since the … Russian military aggression against Ukraine in February 2022, while also considering the major historical developments in the …

Montreux Convention after the outbreak of war in Ukraine and in the way the Black Sea Grain Initiative came about. Under the … significantly to the West’s uncer­tainty about Turkey’s foreign policy orientation. However, Ankara is not questioning its security … anchorage in NATO. As well as securing its leadership role in the Black Sea region, Ankara is also keen to assert its economic …

The idea that US power underpins international security remains deeply anchored in today's US political elite …. Ultimately, this idea also lies at the heart of US-led alliances, including NATO. But the three pillars of Pax Americana - US …

trade routes. In response to the war against Ukraine and Russian naval activity in the Baltic Sea, littoral states have … arena of modern-day great power rivalry. In the shadow of this confrontation and the Russian war of aggression against … Ukraine, the Baltic Sea is now the focus of geopolitical interest and conflict. An expression of this is the increase in …