Profound changes in the labour market that have accompanied the growth of the European internal market, deepening and expanding globalisation, and the deployment of new technologies. Yet despite the fact that it is the dominant approach to labour market regulation within the European Union,...

Social protection systems are often still designed for the archetypical full-time dependent employee. Work patterns deviating from this model – be it self-employment or online "gig work" – can lead to gaps in social protection coverage. Globalisation and digitalisation are likely to...

This study provides a critical assessment of various fiscal policy instruments - including direct public job creation, active labour market and care policies, social protection measures and tax reforms - and their effectiveness in supporting the most vulnerable groups in the labour market....