Purpose – Owing to the importance of the portfolio problem in modern financial investment fields, the aim of this paper is to rank and choose suitable stocks in stock markets under vague environment. Design/methodology/approach – Many new principles and methods have been introduced to help...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine firm-specific characteristics that influence firms’ choice of assurance provider in sustainability assurance. The market for sustainability assurance consists of three types: accounting firms (particularly the Big 4 firms), non-accounting...