This study suggests a payment portfolio model that includes new payment methods that have emerged from the development of cryptocurrency markets and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Our model analyzes the optimal payment choice for consumers under various macroeconomic conditions. We...

We estimate a model of household use of alternative payment instruments (cash and bank cards) using a new dataset from a survey of Russian households. In our model, household preferences are determined by the perceived attributes of these instruments, and hence their choice regarding payment...

The huge rapid growth of using internet and technology has been affecting all economies whether emerging or developed across the world. The financial sector is one of the sectors that has been directly influenced by technology due to the growth of electronic commerce and electronic payments. The...